Back up your database from the command line using mysqldump. This works in most Linux based terminals / SSH.
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$ mysqldump --opt -u [uname] -p[pass] [dbname] > [backupfile.sql] |
[uname] Your database username
[pass] The password for your database (note there is no space between -p and the password)
[dbname] The name of your database
[backupfile.sql] The filename for your database backup
[-opt] The mysqldump option